С эффективным turbo-encoder алгоритмом многоканальные 14.4 Мбит/с femtocell базовые станции моут быть реализованы всего лишь на одном цифровом сигнальном процессоре.
Turbo encoders boost efficiency of a femtocell’s DSP
With an efficient turbo-encoder algorithm, a multichannel 14.4-Mbps femtocell base station can be done on a single digital signal processor.
Recently, the concept of small femtocell base stations has been gaining popularity in mobile applications because of their advantages over traditional macrocells in terms of coverage, compatibility, and cost. Because of cost and performance constraints, femtocell designs must have more or less the same level of modularity and complexity as macrocells, as well as affordability, to be used by individuals rather than communities.
But to achieve signal strengths at least the equal of traditional macrocell-based systems, femtocells have to be designed with multiple channels supporting bit rates as high as 14.4 Mbps. To do this, designers face a significant challenge: encode the multichannel bit-stream on the system’s digital signal processing (DSP) engine with sufficient compute headroom for the rest of the system’s essential operations.
In this article, we describe how to implement a highly efficient algorithm based on turbo codes for use in a Blackfin-based 14.4 Mbps 3G femtocell design that consumes as low as 100 MIPS of the 600 available Blackfin MIPS, leaving more than enough resources for other system operations.
Turbo codes have attracted great attention in the industry and research communities since their introduction in 1993 because of their remarkable performance. The turbo codes operate near—with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gap of 0.7dB or less—the ultimate limits of capacity of a communication channel set by Claude E. Shannon.
Turbo codes were first proposed in by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima.1 Turbo codes are constructed using two concatenated constituent convolutional coders. In the turbo-coding scheme, two component codes on different interleaved versions of the same information sequence are generated. On the decoder side, two maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoders are used to decode the decisions in an iterative manner. The MAP decoding algorithm uses the received data and parity symbols (which correspond to parity bits computed from actual and interleaved versions of data bits) and other decoder soft output (extrinsic) information to produce more reliable decisions.
Many algorithms and implementation techniques are suggested in the literature for decoding of turbo codes efficiently but not many techniques have been published on how to efficiently implement a turbo encoder for high bit-rate applications. In applications such as base stations, we transmit multiple data streams at a time. Therefore, it’s important to have efficient implementation of turbo encoder that can encode multiple bit-streams with low processing power.
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